abstract：:It is known that both interleukin-4 (IL-4) and IL-13 are produced by Th2-type cells and share similar biological functions with each other. However, recently accumulated evidences have revealed that IL-4 may be involved in the Th1-type response. Both thymus and activation-regulated chemokine (TARC/CCL17), a ligand for...

journal_title：Cytokine

authors： Kakinuma T,Nakamura K,Wakugawa M,Yano S,Saeki H,Torii H,Komine M,Asahina A,Tamaki K

更新日期：2002-10-07 00:00:00

abstract：:We have cloned and performed the first functional characterization of the chemokine receptor, CCR3, of Cynomolgus monkey (Macaca fascicularis). The deduced amino acid sequence of the cloned Cynomolgus CCR3 was found to be more similar to that of a previously-reported Rhesus (Macaca mulatta) CCR3 (99.4%) than that of a...

journal_title：Cytokine

authors： Iino T,Sugimoto H,Watanabe A,Encinas JA,Liu N,Floeckner J,Bacon KB

更新日期：2002-09-21 00:00:00

abstract：:Air pollution causes increased cardiopulmonary morbidity and mortality. Airway inflammation plays a major role in the pathophysiology of many lung diseases. Proinflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin-8 (IL-8), are responsible in part for the initiation and maintenance of airway inflammation. Asbestos exposure and ...

journal_title：Cytokine

authors： Pei XH,Nakanishi Y,Inoue H,Takayama K,Bai F,Hara N

更新日期：2002-09-07 00:00:00

abstract：:Prostaglandins (PGs), the arachidonic acid (AA) metabolites of the cyclooxygenase (COX) pathway, and the cytokine TNFalpha play major roles in inflammation and they are synthesised mainly by macrophages. Their syntheses have been shown to be regulated by several factors, including nitric oxide, a further important mac...

journal_title：Cytokine

authors： Guastadisegni C,Nicolini A,Balduzzi M,Ajmone-Cat MA,Minghetti L

更新日期：2002-08-21 00:00:00

abstract：:Dysregulation of cytokines synthesis is thought to play a role in the development of a number of age-related conditions, such as rheumatoid arthritis, osteoporosis, atherosclerosis, and others, but observational studies have led to contradictory results. We investigated potential familial influences on the plasma leve...

journal_title：Cytokine

authors： Pantsulaia I,Trofimov S,Kobyliansky E,Livshits G

更新日期：2002-08-07 00:00:00

abstract：:The purpose of this study is to evaluate local levels of interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta), -4 (IL-4), -6 (IL-6), and tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), in a model of murine osteomyelitis due to Staphylococcus aureus. Cytokine levels in supernatants derived from bone homogenates were determined by enzyme-linked im...

journal_title：Cytokine

authors： Yoshii T,Magara S,Miyai D,Nishimura H,Kuroki E,Furudoi S,Komori T,Ohbayashi C

更新日期：2002-07-21 00:00:00

abstract：:The chemokine eotaxin (CCL11) is a key player in the trafficking of eosinophils to normal tissues and in the tissue eosinophilia associated with human allergic disease. We have recently cloned equine eotaxin and here we report the production of rEq eotaxin, with and without a C-terminal fusion peptide, in a novel expr...

journal_title：Cytokine

authors： Benarafa C,Collins ME,Hamblin AS,Sabroe I,Cunningham FM

更新日期：2002-07-07 00:00:00

abstract：:Monocytes/macrophages (Mphi) play a pivotal role in the persistence of chronic inflammation and local tissue destruction in diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis and atherosclerosis. The production by Mphi of cytokines, chemokines, metalloproteinases and their inhibitors is an essential component in this process, whic...

journal_title：Cytokine

authors： Meier CA,Chicheportiche R,Juge-Aubry CE,Dreyer MG,Dayer JM

更新日期：2002-06-21 00:00:00

abstract：:Antigen (Ag)-stimulated mast cells induce synthesis and production of cytokines including tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha and interleukin (IL)-6 with proinflammatory and immune regulatory properties. Expression of TNF-alpha and IL-6 was regulated by a transcription factor, nuclear factor (NF)-kappaB. The iridoid gly...

journal_title：Cytokine

authors： Jeong HJ,Koo HN,Na HJ,Kim MS,Hong SH,Eom JW,Kim KS,Shin TY,Kim HM

更新日期：2002-06-07 00:00:00

abstract：:CCR2, and its principle ligand MCP-1/CCL2, have been well documented for their ability to induce monocyte infiltration and promote the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis and atherosclerosis. In order to assess additional roles for CCR2, we inserted allogeneic implants into CCR2-/- and MCP-1-/- mice and characterized...

journal_title：Cytokine

authors： Tylaska LA,Boring L,Weng W,Aiello R,Charo IF,Rollins BJ,Gladue RP

更新日期：2002-05-21 00:00:00

abstract：:Chemokines are small chemoattractant cytokines involved in normal and pathological immune processes. Although extensive nucleotide sequence data are available for human and murine chemokine cDNA sequences, very few data are currently available regarding rhesus macaque sequences. To increase our understanding of immune...

journal_title：Cytokine

authors： Basu S,Schaefer TM,Ghosh M,Fuller CL,Reinhart TA

更新日期：2002-05-07 00:00:00

abstract：:We have recently reported the identification of four novel members of the interleukin-1 (IL-1) family which we designated as IL-1 homologue 1-4 (IL-1H1-4). These proteins exhibit significant sequence homology to other members of the IL-1 family. Of these homologues, only IL-1H4 (renamed IL-1F7b) was predicted to conta...

journal_title：Cytokine

authors： Kumar S,Hanning CR,Brigham-Burke MR,Rieman DJ,Lehr R,Khandekar S,Kirkpatrick RB,Scott GF,Lee JC,Lynch FJ,Gao W,Gambotto A,Lotze MT

更新日期：2002-04-21 00:00:00

abstract：:Azidothymidine (AZT)-induced anemia in mice can be reversed by the administration of IGF-IL-3 (fusion protein of insulin-like growth factor II (IGF II) and interleukin 3). Although interleukin 3 (IL-3) and erythropoietin (EPO) are known to act synergistically on hematopoietic cell proliferation in vitro, injection of ...

journal_title：Cytokine

authors： DiFalco MR,Congote LF

更新日期：2002-04-07 00:00:00

abstract：:The expression of oncostatin M and leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF), JAK-STAT activators and members of the interleukin-6 family of cytokines, were examined in a series of primary ovarian carcinomas using immunohistochemistry. The malignant epithelial cells of all 29 ovarian carcinomas examined expressed oncostatin M;...

journal_title：Cytokine

authors： Savarese TM,Campbell CL,McQuain C,Mitchell K,Guardiani R,Quesenberry PJ,Nelson BE

更新日期：2002-03-21 00:00:00

abstract：:There is considerable variability in the concentrations of transforming growth factor beta (TGFbeta) in human milk from individual women which is not readily explained by maternal factors such as smoking or illness. A potential correlate is the maternal plasma level of TGFbeta since changes in plasma concentration of ...

journal_title：Cytokine

authors： Hawkes JS,Bryan DL,Gibson RA

更新日期：2002-02-21 00:00:00

abstract：:Flt3 ligand (FL) and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) are important growth factors for dendritic cells (DC). Substantial numbers of DC can be generated in vivo following the administration of either factor. We sought to extend our knowledge of the functional properties of these cells including...

journal_title：Cytokine

authors： Daro E,Butz E,Smith J,Teepe M,Maliszewski CR,McKenna HJ

更新日期：2002-02-07 00:00:00

abstract：:Interleukin 2 (IL-2) and interleukin 12 (IL-12) have potent anti-tumour activity as single agent therapy against several different murine and human tumours. Combining these cytokines may result in improved therapeutic effectiveness, however, the toxicity associated with simultaneous administration is prohibitive. This...

journal_title：Cytokine

authors： Kaufman HL,Swartout BG,Hörig H,Lubensky I

更新日期：2002-01-07 00:00:00

abstract：:We examined the possible alteration of circulating transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1) concentrations in a time-dependent fashion in human plasma. Plasma TGF-beta1 was measured three times at 2 week-intervals from each of 12 healthy participants. Platelet factor 4 (PF4) was measured in parallel with TGF-beta1...

journal_title：Cytokine

authors： Jeon JH,Kim YS,Choi EJ,Cheon S,Kim S,Kim JS,Jang JS,Ha WS,Park ST,Park CS,Park K,Park BK

更新日期：2001-11-07 00:00:00

abstract：:Dermal wounding is accompanied by inflammation and the resulting proinflammatory cytokines, including interleukin (IL)-6, are thought to play an important role in the repair process. IL-6 is produced by normal human keratinocytes to various dermatological diseases and we have recently shown it is also required for nor...

journal_title：Cytokine

authors： Sugawara T,Gallucci RM,Simeonova PP,Luster MI

更新日期：2001-09-21 00:00:00

abstract：:The effects of interleukin 1beta administration on the thymus of adult and old rats were studied in order to study the interactions between the nervous and immune systems and to confirm the important role played by catecholaminergic nerve fibres (CNF) in the regulation of thymic functions. Moreover, chemical sympathec...

journal_title：Cytokine

authors： Artico M,Cavallotti C,Cameroni M,Cavallotti D

更新日期：2001-09-07 00:00:00

abstract：:Vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) activates endothelial cell NADPH oxidase which catalyzes production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). This activity is required for VCAM-1-dependent lymphocyte migration. The focus of our study was to determine whether these VCAM-1-dependent functions are modulated by cytokin...

journal_title：Cytokine

authors： Tudor KS,Hess KL,Cook-Mills JM

更新日期：2001-08-21 00:00:00

abstract：:Tumour necrosis factor (TNF) is a major mediator in septic shock and several inflammatory diseases such as hepatitis. Galactosamine (GalN) sensitises experimental animals for TNF and the combination TNF/GalN leads to a lethal inflammatory hepatitis. We describe that a single injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), inte...

journal_title：Cytokine

authors： Wielockx B,Hochepied T,Staelens J,Van Molle W,Brouckaert P,Libert C

更新日期：2001-07-21 00:00:00

abstract：:The aim of the present study was to verify the expression of tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha mRNA by semiquantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) in unstimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (MNCs) of 15 relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (MS) patients who underwent treatment ...

journal_title：Cytokine

authors： Sarchielli P,Critelli A,Greco L,Sokola E,Floridi A,Gallai V

更新日期：2001-06-07 00:00:00

abstract：:Estrogens have been shown to markedly modulate the immune system. One mechanism by which estrogens could modulate the immune system is by regulating cytokines, an aspect not well-studied thus far. To address this issue, normal C57BL/6 orchiectomized mice were given estrogen and its effects on selected cytokines, inter...

journal_title：Cytokine

authors： Karpuzoglu-Sahin E,Zhi-Jun Y,Lengi A,Sriranganathan N,Ansar Ahmed S

更新日期：2001-05-21 00:00:00

abstract：:High-fat-fed C57Bl/6J FABP4/aP2 null mice develop obesity but not the related hyperglycemia or hyperinsulinemia characteristic of type II diabetes. FABP4/aP2 protein's function to bind fatty acids in the adipocytes may promote total body energy homeostasis by linking energy depots to the ability to express signaling m...

journal_title：Cytokine

authors： Witthuhn BA,Bernlohr DA

更新日期：2001-05-07 00:00:00

abstract：:Leptin, an appetite-regulating hormone/cytokine, circulates both free and bound to soluble leptin receptors (s-leptin R). An electrochemiluminescence (ECL) assay for the quantitative measurement of murine s-leptin R was developed. The absence of s-leptin R immunoreactivity in the serum of db(pas)/db(pas)mice demonstra...

journal_title：Cytokine

authors： Voegeling S,Fantuzzi G

更新日期：2001-04-21 00:00:00

abstract：:Emerging evidence indicates that chemokine receptor expression patterns are critical in determining the spectrum of action of the chemokines. We have analysed the expression patterns of 17 chemokine receptors and two orphan chemokine receptor-like genes in various freshly prepared human peripheral blood leucocyte popu...

journal_title：Cytokine

authors： Patel L,Charlton SJ,Chambers JK,Macphee CH

更新日期：2001-04-07 00:00:00

abstract：:The monocytic cell line U937 is a frequently used model in studies on the cytotoxic effect of tumour necrosis factor (TNF). Two sublines of this cell line, termed U937(G) and U937(M), revealing different patterns of response to this cytokine, have been identified. The U937(G) cells, similarly to the cells obtained fro...

journal_title：Cytokine

authors： Kaszubowska L,Engelmann H,Gotartowska M,Iliszko M,Bigda J

更新日期：2001-03-21 00:00:00

abstract：:To determine whether colony-stimulating factor (CSF) might participate to the inflammatory response after cardiac surgery, plasma concentrations of granulocyte-CSF (G-CSF), macrophage-CSF (M-CSF) and GM-CSF were measured in 31 patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery with extracorporeal circulat...

journal_title：Cytokine

authors： Denizot Y,Karoutsos S,Nathan N

更新日期：2001-03-07 00:00:00

abstract：:Malignant tumours are usually accompanied by an immune response. Chemokines such as MCP-1 have been claimed to be potent inducers of such tumour-associated reactions. In the present study MCP-1 mRNA was quantified by competitive reverse transcription polymerase reaction and localised by in situ hybridisation in renal ...

journal_title：Cytokine

authors： Hemmerlein B,Johanns U,Kugler A,Reffelmann M,Radzun HJ

更新日期：2001-02-21 00:00:00

abstract：:Suspect field cases of BSE infection (displaying clinical signs) were examined for possible alterations of cytokine/autacoid plasma levels and were compared to control cases (not displaying clinical signs of BSE infection). Interferon gamma (IFN-gamma) plasma levels were demonstrated as being elevated in all suspected...

journal_title：Cytokine

authors： Murphy C,Breen C,Rogers M,Giese M

更新日期：2001-02-07 00:00:00

abstract：:We investigated inflammatory cytokine response in chronic depressed patients during abdominal surgery. Twenty-five major depressed patients (Group D) and twenty-five patients (Group C) as the control were studied. Plasma interleukin 6 (IL-6), interleukin 8 (IL-8) and tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) concentrat...

journal_title：Cytokine

authors： Kudoh A,Katagai H,Takazawa T

更新日期：2001-01-21 00:00:00

abstract：:Bullous pemphigoid (BP) is an autoimmune blistering skin disease characterized by the presence of autoantibodies to normal components of the hemidesmosome (BPAg1 and BPAg2). Histology of skin lesions demonstrate a subepidermal vesicle and a predominantly eosinophilic dermal cellular infiltrate. Interleukin 5 (IL-5) pl...

journal_title：Cytokine

authors： Engineer L,Bhol K,Kumari S,Razzaque Ahmed A

更新日期：2001-01-07 00:00:00

abstract：:Enteroviruses are associated with chronic inflammatory and autoimmune diseases in humans. In these conditions, the cytokine network is supposed to have an important role in inflammation and modulation of the (auto)immune response. In the present study, we demonstrate that coxsackie virus B4 and poliovirus type 1 induc...

journal_title：Cytokine

authors： Vreugdenhil GR,Wijnands PG,Netea MG,van der Meer JW,Melchers WJ,Galama JM

更新日期：2000-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In the family of cytokines and cytokine receptors, alternative splicing of pre-mRNA is a frequently observed process that generates different protein isoforms from a single genetic locus. The splicing-derived cytokine receptor protein isoforms are mostly soluble receptors or show alterations in their cytoplasmic domai...

journal_title：Cytokine

authors： Korte A,Köchling J,Badiali L,Eckert C,Andreae J,Geilen W,Kebelmann-Betzing C,Taube T,Wu S,Henze G,Seeger K

更新日期：2000-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Interleukin 1alpha (IL-1alpha), a pleiotropic cytokine with multiple anti-tumour activities, has been investigated in our laboratory for its potential to serve as an immunotherapeutic agent. In the present study, an attempt was made to direct IL-1alpha to macrophages, in order to induce their immunoregulatory activiti...

journal_title：Cytokine

authors： Mullerad J,Cohen S,Voronov E,Apte RN

更新日期：2000-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Cardiotrophin-1 (CT-1) can induce expression of the protective heat shock proteins (hsps) in cardiac cells. We show here that, unlike the stress induced accumulation of hsps, the effect of CT-1 is not accompanied by increased hsp mRNA levels and is insensitive to the RNA synthesis inhibitor actinomycin D, suggesting t...

journal_title：Cytokine

authors： Railson J,Lawrence K,Stephanou A,Brar B,Pennica D,Latchman D

更新日期：2000-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Bone tissue is continually being remodelled according to physiological circumstances. Two main cell populations (osteoblasts and osteoclasts) are involved in this process, and cellular activities (including cell differentiation) are modulated by hormones, cytokines and growth factors. Within the last 20 years, many fa...

journal_title：Cytokine

authors： Heymann D,Rousselle AV

更新日期：2000-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Myeloma is a neoplasm thought to "home" to bone marrow. However, evidence for bone-marrow-specific receptors or adhesion molecules expressed on myeloma cells is scanty. Initial myeloma expansion is thought to be due to IL-6 and/or related cytokines. Previous determinations of cytokine expression in bone marrow were pe...

journal_title：Cytokine

authors： Barton BE,Murphy TF

更新日期：2000-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) may be programmed by nutrient deprivation. We found that after 2 and 12 h exposure to 75% reduced amino acids, the release of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) and transforming growth factor beta1 (TGF beta 1) from VSMC was significantly greater than that from cells maintained i...

journal_title：Cytokine

authors： Pancholi S,Earle KA

更新日期：2000-09-01 00:00:00